Sedoanalgesia para procedimientos de desbridamiento enzimático en pacientes con quemaduras en cara y cuello / Procedural sedation analgesia for enzymatic debridement in patients with burns on face and neck

Introducción y Objetivo: La cantidad de procedimientos mínimamente invasivos realizados fuera del quirófano ha crecido en las últimas décadas. La sedación, la analgesia o ambas, pueden ser necesarias para muchos de estos procedimientos de intervención o diagnóstico. Sin embargo, y hasta donde hemos podido conocer, no hay experiencia en el uso de sedoanalgesia para procedimientos (SAP) en pacientes con quemaduras faciales que necesitan desbridamiento enzimático El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de la SAP para el control del dolor en pacientes con quemaduras faciales sometidos a tratamiento con desbridamiento enzimático. Material y Método: Describimos 16 casos de pacientes adultos con quemaduras en cara y cuello que necesitaron desbridamiento enzimático. Cuatro pacientes sin ventilación mecánica fueron tratados con SAP. Resultados: La SAP generalmente requiere combinación de múltiples agentes para alcanzar los efectos deseados de analgesia más ansiolisis. El procedimiento fue bien tolerado y los pacientes no sufrieron complicaciones. Conclusiones: Presentamos la SAP como opción para el desbridamiento enzimático de quemaduras faciales en pacientes adultos sin ventilación mecánica

Background and Objective: The number of minimally invasive procedures performed outside of the operating room has grown exponentially over the last several decades. Sedation, analgesia, or both may be needed for many of these interventional or diagnostic procedures. However, to our knowledge, there is no experience on the use of procedural sedation analgesia (PSA) in patients with facial burns who need enzymatic debridement. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of PSA for pain relief in patients with facial burns undergoing enzymatic debridement. Methods: We describe 16 cases of adult patients with burns on the face and neck who needed enzymatic debridement. Four patients without mechanical ventilation were treated with PSA. The procedure was well tolerated and the patients did not suffer complications. Results: PSA usually requires combinations of multiple agents to reach desired effects of analgesia plus anxiolysis. The procedure was well tolerated and the patients did not suffer complications. Conclusions: PSA can be an option for enzymatic debridement of facial burns in adults patients without mechanical ventilation

Risks factors of mechanical ventilation in acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injured patients.

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze risk factors associated with mechanical ventilation (MV) in cases of acute traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury (tCSCI). SETTING: Unidad de Lesionados Medulares, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, in Galicia (Spain). METHODS: The study included patients with tCSCI who were hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2014. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, etiology, neurological level, ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) grade, associated injuries, injury severity score (ISS), ASIA motor score (AMS) at admission and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients met the study's inclusion criteria. The majority were men (74.7%) with mean age of 62.6 (s.d. ± 18.8) years. Sixty patients (41.1%) required MV. Mean age of ventilated vs. non-ventilated patients was 57.3 vs. 65.7. Men were more likely to require MV than women, ASIA grades A and B were also more likely to need MV than grades C and D, as well as patients with associated injuries. The AMS of patients receiving MV was lower than that of those who did not require MV (20.1 vs. 54.3). Moreover, the ISS was higher in patients receiving MV (31.2 vs. 13.4). An AMS ≤ 37 and an ISS ≥ 13 increased the risk of requiring MV by a factor of 11.98 and 7.28, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated factors associated with a greater risk of MV in tCSCI were: age, gender, ASIA grade, ISS and AMS. However, the only factor with a significant discriminatory ability to determine the need for MV was the AMS at admission.

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Encefalopatía asociada a la sepsis como presentación de una infección urinaria bacteriémica por Proteus mirabilis / Sepsis-associated encephalopathy as the first manifestation of bacteraemic urinary tract infection due to Proteus mirabilis

Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 56 años, quien presentó un cuadro de encefalopatía secundario a sepsis por infección urinaria por Proteus mirabilis . El cuadro respondió a tratamiento con ciprofloxacina y fue dada de alta al día 11.

We reported a case in a woman of 56 years of encephalopathy, secondary a urinary tract infection by Proteus mirabilis. The patient improved after 11 days of hospitalization, under treatment with ciprofloxacin.

Respiratory management in the patient with spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often lead to impairment of the respiratory system and, consequently, restrictive respiratory changes. Paresis or paralysis of the respiratory muscles can lead to respiratory insufficiency, which is dependent on the level and completeness of the injury. Respiratory complications include hypoventilation, a reduction in surfactant production, mucus plugging, atelectasis, and pneumonia. Vital capacity (VC) is an indicator of overall pulmonary function; patients with severely impaired VC may require assisted ventilation. It is best to proceed with intubation under controlled circumstances rather than waiting until the condition becomes an emergency. Mechanical ventilation can adversely affect the structure and function of the diaphragm. Early tracheostomy following short orotracheal intubation is probably beneficial in selected patients. Weaning should start as soon as possible, and the best modality is progressive ventilator-free breathing (PVFB). Appropriate candidates can sometimes be freed from mechanical ventilation by electrical stimulation. Respiratory muscle training regimens may improve patients' inspiratory function following a SCI.